
Pick up news paper or search the news on the net, you will bend your mind and ask; what the hell does bank rate, CRR, SLR means? and why on earth I should be bothered about it; man, this stuff is not for me, but for the financial nerd who loves tongue twisters. Think again mate, these terms surely will burn your pocket or let me rephrase it, it surely affects the money you save.
The main function of a RBI is controlling the inflation by controlling the money flow in the economy and in layman term, the money with the public. As the prices are shooting up and making the life worse for us, RBI enter likes a dragon and tries to control the situation with its fiery measures.
The two methods used are:
Quantitative methods and qualitative methods
Lets us start with quantitative methods
Bank Rate:
It is the favorite servant for RBI. Simply put, it is rate at which RBI provides loan for the commercial banks. Now let us say that the money supply is very fluid in the economy and everyone wants to buy a house. The demand increases and then inflation shoot ups. The RBI will increase the banks rate and makes difficult for the banks to get loan from RBI. In turn commercial banks make the interest rate on loan heavy and control the flow of money
Cash Reserve Ratio:
Another servant of the RBI which is frequently used to check the flow of money. Every bank should deposit a certain amount with the RBI. Let us say that bank has 100 Rs with it, and if the cash reserve ratio is 6% then bank has to give the RBI 6 Rs and rest of the 94 Rs it can use for operations. So when the money flow is very high which may lead to inflation, then CRR is increased making the money dear for the bank and lending to the public become bit difficult
Statutory liquid ratio:
Every bank has to maintain minimum portion of their asset in the form of cash, gold and approved securities at the close of the daily business operation.RBI uses this instrument to keep a check on the money supply. As the ratio increases then, it becomes difficult to pump money into the economy
Repo rate and reverse repo rate:
Repo (Repurchase) rate is the rate at which the RBI lends shot-term money to the banks against securities. When the repo rate increases borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive. Therefore, we can say that in case, RBI wants to make it more expensive for the banks to borrow money, it increases the repo rate; similarly, if it wants to make it cheaper for banks to borrow money, it reduces the repo rate
Reverse Repo Rate
Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which banks park their short-term excess liquidity with the RBI. The banks use this tool when they feel that they are stuck with excess funds and are not able to invest anywhere for reasonable returns. An increase in the reverse repo rate means that the RBI is ready to borrow money from the banks at a higher rate of interest. As a result, banks would prefer to keep more and more surplus funds with RBI
QUALITATIVE METHODS:
Moral suasion:
It means making request and persuading the banks to refrain from providing loans to speculative and non essential purpose. RBI sends feeders to the commercial banks to get their cooperation to control inflation and other purpose. It is a sweet way to doing things, isn’t?
Margin requirements or Credit Rationing:
Banks provide loans against security. Let us take an example. The value of the security is Rs 15000 and bank provides loan for Rs 12000. This is called margin requirements. The RBI has the power to increase the margin requirements and loan available is just Rs 10000 now, increasing the margin amount to Rs 5000. This is mainly done to discourage speculative trading and reduce the money flow to this area.
Consumer credit control:
There is great demand for consumer durable s like TV, fridge, AC, washing machine which tends to pull the price up. So when the inflation is high then RBI increases the down payment and reduces the number of installment making it costly for the consumers. This discourages the consumer going in frenzy mode of shopping.
Direct action:
When any commercial banks does not give a damn about the central bank that is the RBI, then RBI puts the stick into action.
It puts a penalizing interest above the normal rate of interest upon the defaulting bank
It refuses to discount bills of exchange for banks which do not follow normal banking operation
So the next time you come across these words in the internet or the newspaper, take a deeper look into the news and understand what RBI is going to do, to keep a check on the inflation
Happy Shopping and careful spending !!